In 2007, an engineering student in upstate New York grew a fireproof building material under his dorm room bed using nothing but mushroom roots and agricultural waste. In 7 days, he had produced something that outperformed polystyrene on nearly every measurable metric, while requiring 90% less water and 40% less electricity to make.
IKEA adopted it. NASA awarded $2 million to develop it for Moon habitats. Dell shipped servers in it. A nonprofit built a permanent house in Namibia using it for $8,000.
Your contractor has never heard of it.
That silence is not an accident. To be used in American construction, a material must be certified under ASTM International standards that have been written around polystyrene foam since 1958. Mycelium composites have no equivalent certification. Without it, builders cannot legally use them, insurers will not cover the homes, and permit offices will deny the applications.
The organization that has spent the most money ensuring those standards never expand is the American Chemistry Council, the trade association for Dow, DuPont, ExxonMobil, and the manufacturers of polystyrene. Between 2020 and 2021, plastic producers and their trade associations reported nearly $200 million in federal lobbying against plastic reduction legislation. In New York State alone, they spent $930,000 fighting a single packaging bill in 2024.
Polystyrene insulation is a $12 billion market. Polystyrene packaging is a $28 billion industry. These are not numbers that surrender to a better material. These are numbers that write the building codes.
This episode opens the vault on the only construction material on Earth that NASA decided was worth taking to the stars, and that a $200 billion industry has quietly made sure never competes on equal terms.
📚 Sources:
- Bayer, Eben, and Gavin McIntyre. "Ecovative Design: 15 Years Growing." Ecovative Design, May 2022.
- NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts Program. "Mycotecture Off Planet: En Route to the Moon and Mars." NASA Ames Research Center, June 2024.
- Rothschild, Lynn. "Could Future Homes on the Moon and Mars Be Made of Fungi?" NASA Ames Research Center, September 2023.
- Campaign Legal Center. "The Unnoticed Influence of Special Interests on Climate Change and Pollution Legislation." Washington, D.C.: Campaign Legal Center, 2021.
- Beyond Plastics. "NY Focus Story Shows Chemical Industry Spending Big Against Packaging Reduction Legislation." Beyond Plastics, May 2025.
- American Chemistry Council. Wikipedia. Last modified March 2025.
- Phase-out of Polystyrene Foam. Wikipedia. Last modified February 2025.
- Girometta, Carolina, et al. "A Review of Mycelium-Based Composites in Architectural and Design Applications." Sustainability 17, no. 24 (2025): 11350.
- Jones, Mitchell P., et al. "Towards Carbon-Neutral Built Environment: A Critical Review of Mycelium-Based Composites." Construction and Building Materials (2025).
- Ecovative Design. Wikipedia. Last modified February 2025.
- NASA Spinoff. "Home-Grown Housing." NASA, 2024.
- EPS Industry Alliance.
epsindustry.org, 2024.
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