Сравнительные конструкции (Types of Comparisons)

Прилагательные и наречия употребляются в следующих сравнительные конструкциях:
a) as … (positive degree) … as - такой же … как / так же … как
e.g. The boy is as tall as my brother . He runs as fast as you do.
Is it as good as you expected ? She speaks French as well as the rest of us.
1)You can put ‘nearly’,’almost’, or ‘just’ in front of “as …. as”
~London is nearly as expensive as Tokyo.
~In summer,in Tokyo just as hot as the desert.
2) You can put ‘twice’,’ three times’,’ half’ in front of “as …. as”
twice as large as; three times as large as; twice as fast as ; twice as fast
Аналогично переводится конструкция с существительными size,length,depth,number
Your room is three times as larger as mine. Ваша комната в 3 р больше моей He is twice as old as I am.= He is twice my age. Он вдвое старше меня.
с not so … (positive degree)…. as / not as … (positive degree)… as-
не такой …. как / не так …. как ( в отриц. пр)
This structure is more common than less than in informal English.
e.g. This room is not so light as that one.(that room) …не такая светлая как..
New streets are usually not so(as) narrow as old streets.
She does not know Moscow so (as) well as we do.
He’s not as/so successful as his sister
Note! ! !: 1. Сочетание as well as может быть сочинительным союзом так же как.
e.g. The teachers as well as the students took part in the conference.
Преподаватели так же, как студенты приняли участие в конференции.
2.Сочетания as simple (short,soon …)as possible переводятся :
как можно проще (короче, скорее … и т.д.)
e.g. The letter must be sent off as soon as possible. Письмо д.б. как можно короче.
3.Сочетания “as+прилагательное или наречие+ as+указание колич-ва”
переводится вплоть до+цифры; словом целых перед цифрой;
at a speed as great (high) as 900km per hour-со скоростью (вплоть) до 900 км/ час
twice/ three times/ half etc. as…as - в два/ три раза и т.д./ наполовину такой же… как и Their house is twice as big as ours.
the same as - такой же, как Your jacket is the same as the one I bought last month
look, sound, smell, taste + like - выглядеть, звучать, пахнуть, иметь вкус чего-л… She looks like an angel.
less …than - менее… чем The green sofa is less expensive than the black one, but the blue one is the least expensive of all.
the least… of/in -наименее….из чего-либо
the + сравнительная степень - чем…., тем…. The sooner you'll start, the sooner you'll finish.
сравнительная степень + and + сравнительная степень Life is getting harder and harder.
prefer doing / сущ. to doing/сущ. - предпочитать что-либо чему-либо I prefer watching TV to going out.
would prefer + to + инфинитив + rather that + инфинитив - скорее делать что-либо, чем что-либо I would prefer to eat in rather than go to a restaurant.
would rather/ sooner + инфинитив + THAN + инфинитив - лучше бы сделать что-либо, чем что-либо I'd rather look for a new flat than stay in this house any longer.
Special Points. Усилительные конструкции.
1.‘very’ + (positive degree of adj / adv). He is very practical.
‘most’ + (positive degree of adj / adv) He is most practical.
~It was most kind of you to lend me the money.
2.‘even’,’(very)much’,’far’,’rather’(=very much),’a (little)bit’, ’a little’,’a great deal’,’slightly’, + adj/adv of com.degree.
very much taller; a lot more important; a little cheaper;
a bit more expensive; rather cold; far more interesting;
Даже / гораздо / значительно / чуточку / намного
It’s even/ much/far/a bit hotter than it was on Monday.
a great deal more important–значительно важнее;a bit more difficult-чуть медленнее; Thise way is much longer than that one. …значительно длиннее…
~far better – намного лучше ; Exercise 5 is much more difficult than exercise 3. (намного труднее) He speaks English much better than his brother.(гораздо лучше)
This year we’ve had (by) far less rain than we did last year. (значи-но меньше)