Подготовка к ielts включает в себя написание различных типов эссе, и знание их структуры и ключевых вопросов - важный шаг к вашему идеальному эссе. В этой статье представлена только самая основная информация:
- основные типы эссе
- вопросы, которые помогут определить каждый тип
- примеры заданий эссе каждого типа
1. Opinion Essays
Подтипы:
Agree or disagree Agree or disagree to show the extent Positive or negative development
Ключевые вопросы:
Do you agree or disagree? How far do you agree/disagree? = To what extent do you agree/disagree? Is it a positive or negative development?
2. Solution Essays + Cause and Effect Essays
Подтипы:
Причина и следствие (Cause and Effect) Проблема и решение (Problem and Solution) Также, эссе может быть исключительно cause, effect или solution и любые комбинации, например, cause + solution.
Ключевые вопросы:
What are the causes? What effects/what does … lead to? What should/can/may/might be done to solve/tackle/address ...?
3. Advantages and Disadvantages Essays
Ключевые вопросы:
What are the benefits and drawbacks? What are the pros and cons? What are the positive sides and negative sides? What are the pluses and minuses? Do advantages outweigh disadvantages? - этот тип также требует выражения своего мнения
4. Discussion essays
Ключевые вопросы:
Discuss both sides (without opinion). Discuss both sides and give your opinion (введение и заключение с вашим мнением).
5. Two-question Essays
- дополнительный тип эссе, но в последнее время весьма популярен. Здесь обычно идет смешивание 2 типов из представленных выше типов эссе.
6. Direct Question Essays
- дополнительный тип эссе и многих кандидатов вводит в ступор, но нужно лишь четко ответить на поставленные вопросы. Здесь может быть любой прямой вопрос (или два вопроса) по представленной теме, который обычно начинается с Why / How / Should / Is it importnat..?
Вопросы эссе ielts согласно их типу
1. Opinion – agree/disagree:
Some people think that teenagers should be requested an unpaid job in their free time. They believe that these will be helpful for both individual teenagers and local communities. Do you agree or disagree?
1. Opinion - extent:
Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
1. Opinion – negative or positive development:
Nowadays more and more people choose to socialize online rather that face to face. Is this a positive or negative development?
2. Cause + solution:
Influence of human beings on the world's ecosystem is leading to the extinction of species and loss of bio-diversity. What are the primary causes of loss of bio-diversity? What solutions can you suggest?
2. Problem + solution:
Despite a large number of gyms, a sedentary lifestyle is gaining popularity in the contemporary world. What problems are associated with this? What solutions can you suggest?
3. Advantages and disadvantages without opinion:
Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
3. Advantages and disadvantages with opinion:
The global demand for oil and gas is increasing. Some believe that we should therefore encourage the exploitation of remote areas. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Discussion without opinion:
Some people think that children should be taught to be competitive in school. Others, however, say that cooperation and team working skills are more important. Discuss both sides.
4. Discussion with opinion:
Some people prefer to relax by doing physical activities, while others choose mental activities (crosswords, chess etc.). Discuss both views and give your opinion.
5. Two Questions:
Some people choose to have their first child at an older age. What are the reasons? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
The rise of social media platforms has made it easier for people to vent their frustrations and complaints publicly. What is the consequence of this trend? Is there any benefit to expressing complaints on social media?
6. Direct question:
How can we get away from stereotypes and racism? What steps can we take as individuals and as a society?
How can we learn to understand people who are different from us culturally, racially, or socioeconomically?
How can teenagers be convinced to drive more safely?
Понимание этих типов эссе поможет лучше ориентироваться в заданиях ielts и структурировать свои мысли.
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