How to create a secure incremental offsite backup in Linux with Duplicity

#linux #offsite #backup
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If you maintain mission-critical data on your server, you probably want to back them up on a remote site for disaster recovery. For any type of offsite backup, you need to consider encryption in order to avoid any unauthorized access to the backup. In addition, it is important to use incremental backup, as opposed to full backup, to save time, disk storage and bandwidth costs incurred in ongoing backup activities.
Duplicity is an encrypted incremental backup tool in Linux. Duplicity uses librsync to generate bandwidth/space-efficient incremental archives. It also uses GnuPG to encrypt and/or sign backup archives to prevent unauthorized data access and tampering.
In this tutorial, I will describe how to create a secure incremental offsite backup in Linux with Duplicity .
Install Duplicity on Linux
To install Duplicity on Debian, Ubuntu or Mint:
$ sudo apt-get install duplicity python-paramiko
To install Duplicity on CentOS or RHEL, first enable EPEL repository. and run:
$ sudo yum install duplicity python-paramiko
To install Duplicity on Fedora:
$ sudo yum install duplicity python-paramiko
Create a Secure Incremental Remote Backup via SCP
To create a secure and incremental backup of a local folder (e.g.
/Downloads), and transfer it to a remote SSH server via SCP, use the following command. Note that before proceeding, you must enable password-less SSH login to the remote SSH server first.
When you create a remote backup of given data for the first time, Duplicity will create a full backup, and ask you to set an initial GnuPG passphrase for encryption. Subsequent runs of Duplicity will create incremental backups, and you need to provide the same GnuPG passphrase created during the first run.
Create a Secure Incremental Remote Backup in Non-interactive Mode
If you do not want to be prompted to enter a passphrase, you can set PASSPHRASE environment variable, prior to running Duplicity as follows.
If you do not want to pass a plain-text passphrase in the command-line, you can create the following backup script. To be more secure, make the script readable to you only.
Create an Incremental Remote Backup Without Encryption
If you do not need a secure backup, you can disable encryption as follows.
Verify the Integrity of a Remote Backup
For critical data, it is probably a good idea to verify that a remote backup was successful. You can check whether or not the local and remote volumes are in sync, by using the following command.
Note that when using “verify” option, you need to reverse the order of local and remote folders; specify the remote folder first.
Restore a Remote Backup
In order to restore a remote backup locally, run the following commnad:
To successfully restore a remote backup, the specified restore destination directory (e.g. Downloads_restored) must not exist locally beforehand.
Create a Secure Incremental Remote Backup via FTP
Besides SCP, Duplicity also supports several other protocols including FTP.
To use FTP in Duplicity, use the following format:
For non-interactive runs, specify the FTP password in FTP_PASSWORD environment variable:
Duplicity Troubleshooting Tips
If you encounter the following error, this means that you did not install SSH2 protocol library for python.
To fix this error, install the following.
On Ubuntu, Debian or Mint:
$ sudo apt-get install python-paramiko
On Fedora, CentOS or RHEL:
$ sudo yum install python-paramiko
If you encounter the following error, it is because you did not set up password-less ssh login to a remote backup server. Make sure that you do, and retry.
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Dan Nanni is the founder and also a regular contributor of Xmodulo.com . He is a Linux/FOSS enthusiast who loves to get his hands dirty with his Linux box. He likes to procrastinate when he is supposed to be busy and productive. When he is otherwise free, he likes to watch movies and shop for the coolest gadgets.
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