Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, launched on June 22, 1941. This operation aimed to eradicate communism and conquer the western Soviet Union, with plans to repopulate the area with Germans under Generalplan Ost, which involved the mass deportation and genocide of native Slavic peoples. The invasion marked a crucial turning point in World War II, as the failure of German troops to defeat Soviet forces signaled a shift in the war's momentum. The operation was named after Frederick Barbarossa, the Holy Roman Emperor, symbolizing Hitler's ideological ambitions.