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chiatura — qalaqi imeretis mxareshi, chiaturis municipalitetis administraculi centri.
chiatura mdebareobs chiaturis platosa da mdinare yvirilis vicro xeobashi, zghvis donidan 340-500 metrze, gomi-sachxere-zestafonis saavtomobilo gzaze. tbilisidan 220 km-is dashorebit (rkinigzit). chiaturashi sakmaod notio zghvis subtropikuli havaa, icis zomierad civi zamtari da shedarebit mshrali, cxeli zafxuli. haeris sashualo temperaturaa +13%, ianvari +2%, ivlisi +23%, absoluturi minimumi -20, absoluturi maqsimumi +42 naleqebi 1100 mm. celicadshi.
I S T O R I A
qalaq chiaturis midamoebi, iseve rogorc zemo imeretis mnishvnelovani nacili, dzveli saqartvelos ert-erti mchidrod dasaxlebuli mxare iyo. qalaqis maxloblad chatarebulma arqeologiurma gatxrebma daadastures, rom mosaxleoba aq jer kidev chvens celtaghricxvamde gachnda. chiaturashi da mdinare yvirilis piras aghmartul did kldeebshi amJamadac aris shemorchenili mravali gamoqvabuli, vaxushti bagrationis cnobit, es gamoqvabuli murvan yrus droindeli unda iyos.arabta lashqris metauri murvan yru tavis urdoebit shemoichra saqartveloshi da aaoxra saqartvelos dasavleti da aghmosavleti, xalxma miuval adgilebshi gaxizvnit ushveles tavs. ert-erti aseti tavshesafari mdinare yvirilis pira kldeebshi hpova mashindelma mosaxleobam. mnaxveli gancvifrdeba, tu rogor shesdzlo adamianma miuval kldeebshi tvalucvden simaghleze gamoekveta mravali gamoqvabuli, am gamoqvabulebshi shesvla dgheisatvis mxolod gamocdilma mtasvlelebma moaxerxes tanamedrove alpinisturi teqnikis gamoyenebit.
2009 cels chiaturashi, dzudzuanas mghvimeshi adreuli zedapaleolituri (34000clis) grexili veluri selis dzafis bochkoebi ipoves. dghemde itvleboda, rom yvelaze dzveli dzafi, chinchrisgan damzadebuli, aghmochenili iyo dolnivestonicashi, chexetshi (dzv.c. 29000c.). dghes ki tamamad sheidzleba itqvas, rom chiaturashi aghmochenili selis dzafi, preistoriuli xanis udzvelesi dzafia mtel msoflioshi. dzudzuanas gamoqvabulshi 1500-mde selisa da shalis dzafis bochkoa aghmochenili, kvleva gamoqvabulshi dghesac grdzeldeba.qalaqis carmoshoba da shemdgomi ganvitareba ki ganapiroba mdinare yvirilis xeobashi arsebuli manganumis madnis sabados bazaze carmoqmnilma mrecvelobam. qalaqs safudzveli chaeyara 1879 cels, rodesac akaki ceretlis iniciativit daicyo manganumis madnis mopoveba. 1895 cels gaiyvanes rkinigza, romelmac chiatura rkinigzi sadgur shorapans daukavshira. am periodshi chiaturashi 6 atasamde adamiani mushaobda, manganumis xvedri cili msoflio eqsportshi ki 50% -s aghcevda. XIX saukuneshi ganashenianebuli mxolod mdinare yvirilis marjvena mxare iyo, dzveli chiatura cnobili iyo tavisi vicro quchebit, romlebic stiqiurad, dagegmvis gareshe carmoishvnen. am nacilshi istoriuli ganashenianeba da quchebis qseli shemorchenilia.
1954 cels chiaturashi ashenda ssrk-shi pirvel samgzavro sabagiro gza, qalaqis centrsa da perevisis samrecvelo ubans shoris. samgzavro sakidi sabagiro gzebis raodenoba chiaturis shemogarenshi or ateulze metia, rac ert erti maghali machvenebelia msoflioshi[4]. chiaturis samgzavro sakidi sabagiro gzebis proeqtebis shedgena da mshenebloba adgilobrivma inJinerebma ganaxorcieles. am saqmis gamochenili specialisti iyo giorgi fanculaia, romlis proeqtit rogorc chiaturashi, ise rusetis sxva qalaqebshic ashenda sakidi sabagiro gzebi. 1964 cels chiatura troleibusis xazit daukavshirda sachxeres.
chiatura qalaqad gamocxadda 1921 cels. qalaqis mosaxleoba 1989 clis monacemebit sheadgenda 29 000, amJamad ki misi mosaxleoba 19, 587 kacia(2008).
1921 clidan chiaturashi aghinishneba qalaqis dghesascauli „chiaturoba",romelsac cnobili qartvelebi da chiaturastan damegobrebuli qalaqebis carmomagdenlebi escrebian.
1924 cels saqartvelos titqmis yvela did qalaqshi daicyo ajanyeba sabchota reJimis cinaaghmdeg. 28 agvistos ajanyeba daicyo chiaturashic. 3 dghis ganmavlobashi chiaturlebma shedzles sheekavebinat ajanyebis chasaxshobad tbilisidan gamogzavnili sadamsjelo razmebi, tumca me-4 dghes saqartvelos cekas gamogzavnilma jariskacebma chaaxshes ajanyeba da sastikad gauscordnen gamosvlebshi monacile xalxs, daxvrites 2000-mde chiatureli.
ekonomika
qalaqis ekonomikis ganvitarebashi dziritad rols tamashobs manganumis sabado, romelshic dasaqmebulia 3 500 adamiani[5]. chiatura manganumis mopovebisa da gadamushavebis ert-erti umnishvnelovanesi centria amierkavkasiashi . chiatura manganumis koncentratit amaragebs feroshenadnobta qarxanas. chiaturashi moipoveben umaghlesi xarisxis kvarcis qvishas, romelic sauketeso masalaa shenobebis mosapirketeblad, qalaqis maxloblad salietis marmarilos sabadoa, romelic ghia karieruli cesit amushavebs citel, vardisfer da rux marmarilos, qalaqshi aris agretve sasheni masalis, msubuqi da kvebis mrecvelobis sacarmoebi - silikaturi aguris qarxana, samkervalo da baixis chais pirveladi damushavebis fabrikebi, puris, xorcis, rdzis da adgilobrivi mrecvelobis kombinatebi da sxva. chiaturashi gadis zestafoni-sachxeris sarkinigzo xazis monakveti, qalaqze gadis shidasaxelmcifoebrivi mnishvnelobis saavtomobilo gza zestafoni-chiatura-sachxere-gomi, romlitac chiatura umoklesi gzit ukavshirdeba tbiliss, shida saqalaqo transportia avtobusebi da bagirgzebi, romlitac qalaqis titqmis yvela ubani dakavshirebuli centrtan.
SAZOGADOEBRIVI SFERO
chiaturashi aris chiaturisa da sachxeris eparqiis katedra da rezidencia. qalaqshi funqcionirebs regionaluri telekompania imervizia, chiaturashi gamodis gazetebi: „sashevardno“, „magharoeli“ da „chiatura“(daarsda 1924 cels).
KULTURA
qalaqshi aris kulturis dacesebulebebi: akaki ceretlis saxelobis chiaturis dramatuli teatri, kino-teatri,ritualebis sasaxle, mxatvris saxli, chiaturis mxaretmcodneobis muzeumi da kulturis sasaxle. chiaturashi moscavleta kulturul aghzrdas emsaxureba kulturis centrtan arebuli "msaxiobta skola", cekvisa da simgheris saxelmcifo ansambli "changi", xalxuri cekvis ansamblebi: "mercxali", "fesvebi" da "ansambli-XXI", qartuli xalxuri simgheris ansambli "imereti",saestrado simgheris shemscavleli skola "natvristvali" samejliso-spotruli cekvebis studiebi: "dans-forumi", "gracia" da "eleganti". qalaqshi funqcionirebs moscavleta tvitmmartveloba. chiaturis shesasvlelshi dgas didebis memoriali.
GANATLEBA
qalaqshi aris tbilisis saxelmcifo universitetis da saqartvelos teqnikuri universitetis filialebi, kavshirgabmulobis ganyofileba, norch teqnikosta sadguri, aseve chiaturis samto metalurgiuli sascavlebeli. qalaqshi aris 9 sajaro skola da erti skola pansioni[6], 1 kerdzo skola, 1 sasuliero skola, 1 gimnazia, 3 sasporto, 3 samusiko da 2 samxatvro skola, 13 sabavshvo baghi. qalaq chiaturis skolebshi scavlobs daaxloebit 4000-mde moscavle, ascavlis 500-mde mascavlebeli.
JANDACXVA
qalaqshi moqmedebs jandacvis dacesebulebebi: qalaqis poliklinika, sanatorium-profilaqtoriumi, ambulatoria, chiatura-sachxeris regionis invalidta da xandazmulta samedicino reabilitaciis centri, 5 stomatologiuri kabineti, bavshvta poliklinika, samshobiaro saxli, fsiqonervologiuri klinika, masaJis centri, tubdispanseri, 3 dzveli da erti axali mravalpofiliani saavadmyofo [7]
sagangebo samsaxurebi [redaqtireba]
SAGANGEBO SAMSAXURI
saxandzro samsaxuri - 111
sapatrulo policia - 122
sascrafo samedicino daxmareba - 113
gazis saavario samsaxuri - 114
dacvis policia - 125
SPORTI
chiaturashi aris safexburto klubi „chiatura". moqmedebs safexburto, saragbo, sakalatburto, sachogburto, krivis, dziudos, tavisufali chidaobis, berdznul-romauli chidaobis,curvis, karatisa da mdzleosnobis skolebi. qalaqs aqvs centraluri stadioni gatvlili 11 700 mayurebelze, aseve sarezervo stadioni gatvlili 2 500 mayurebelze.
chogburtis istoria [redaqtireba]
1892 cels ingleselebma, chiaturashi, saqartvelos teritoriaze chogburtis pirveli korti aashenes. chogburtis ganvitareba saqartveloshi dasabams me-19 saukunis damlevidan ighebs. chiaturashi inglisuri firma "Forward and Salinas"-is mmartvelma jon tarseim manganumis qalaqshi axali tamashi laun-tenisi shemoitana. gamochenili ingliseli chogburteli da pedagogi ian homeri, romelic chiaturashi moghvaceobda tavis mogonebebshi aghnishnavs, rom ceretlebis ojaxi da tvit ukvdavi mgosani - akaki cereteli adevnebda tvals
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